Life happens on a wide range of size scales. At the molecular level, a rich network of molecular “chutes and ladders” control an enormous set of processes with exceptional precision and defect tolerance. Our group specializes in studying biomaterials at the single-molecule level, developing nanopores  and electro-optical devices to probe biomolecular structure and dynamics. We focus on creating translational tools based on micro/nanolithography and microfluidic devices for real-time proteomics and transcriptomics. We also utilize synthetic biology approaches for engineering proteins to make novel nanopore sensors. By integrating lithography with biomaterials, we bridge fundamental research and real-world applications, advancing single-molecule analysis.